Ethics And Morality Of College Age Students - 2623 Words

Abstract The topic of ethics and morality in college age students (18-23) has been explored for some time. Many different researchers have come up with different findings. I have conducted research myself on the exploration of this topic. Four participants of college age students were interviewed about the given topic. Three participants of the older generation (at least 15 years older than college age students) were also given a similar interview. The two groups showed some differences in their thought process when answering the questions. The college age students made their ethical decisions based off of how they felt. The older generation made decisions because the actions themselves were morally and ethically correct. Ethics†¦show more content†¦The understanding of morality considers psychological development. A person’s ability to differentiate between right and wrong is connected to their age. Because of this, ethics and morality involve emotions that reflect in the feeling of guilt or empathy. Besides, social cognitive process determines an individual’s actions. In addition to this, media content promotes immorality by glorifying immoral behavior. In summary, immorality is personal and dependent on taste according to the young adults who are encouraged by immoral media content. This paper explains different attitudes about ethics and morality in millenials as well as in the older generation. It also looks at the role that the media plays in young adults and their views about morality. There were numerous articles that were researched and considered before the formulation of this paper. One of the articles is titled â€Å"Today’s College Students Lack Empathy’. In this article, Jeanna Bryner talked about the findings of 14,000 American students. The research from this article showed that today’s college students are not as likely to â€Å"get† the emotions of others. This was in comparison to their counterparts from 20 and 30 years ago. This lead to the conclusion that today’s college students have less empathy. Things such as a lot of exposure to media, and the rise in social media were attributed for this lack of empathy. An example of this is violent games that promote killing others cause people to be numb to

How Marjis Freedom And Education - 1373 Words

During the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the government placed many strict laws on the people of Iran, particularly on the girls and women and many families had strictly enforced these on their wives and daughters. An exception in all of this was a young girl named Marjane Satrapi, whose parents led her to understand that they did not agree. Satrapi explained in her memoir, The Complete Persepolis, the parents defied the laws of the tyrannical regime and fought for their daughter’s rights despite the known risk of execution. Satrapi explores the complicated and shifting relationship between herself and her parents throughout her life in Iran during the Iranian Revolution as well as her solo flight to Austria between the ages of fourteen and eighteen in the enticing graphic novel. This paper will discuss how Marji’s freedom and education was important to her parents, how they created a relatively free environment for Marji; how they drew their strength from realism, themse lves and their own distractions; and their expectations of Marji to be independent, strong, and well-behaved. Marji’s parents insist on securing their daughter’s life, freedom, and education. Both of her parents had insisted on making sure that Marji could live the way she wants to, despite the obvious dangers something that she was very glad for (311). Satrapi writes, â€Å"For an Iranian mother, my mom was very permissive. I only knew two or three other girls who could go out alone at thirteen† (131). They alsoShow MoreRelatedPersepolis and Not Without My Daughter2330 Words   |  10 PagesIran like a dictatorship. He oppressed his people, many of which were illiterate, and kept most of them in poverty which made him very unpopular. The people of Iran were living in an oil rich country, and yet poverty was not uncommon. They enjoyed freedoms unheard of in Saudi Arabia, yet were kept under the brutal force of the secret police, the Savak. On the other hand when Khomeini took over the government was a theocracy and ended all progression in Iran and forced his Islamic ru les on the peopleRead MoreThe Islamic Revolution and its Impac on Marji’s Family Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesThe Pahlavi dynasty caused Marji’s family and other Iranian citizens to become dysphonic. The dynasty mismanaged Iranian money and was manipulated by Western nations. Enmity grew towards the monarchy and ultimately the Iranian people wanted a revolution. Marji’s family had strong animosity toward the Shah. Many of Marji’s family members as well as others fought against the Shah. But the Islamic Revolution took a turn that many were not prepared for. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (The Shah), theRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis1839 Words   |  8 Pageslike to go through that. Reading through the graphic novel Persepolis, which talks about the lifestyle of a child who goes through revolution and then onto war and more really gives an insight into how different life is in different cultures around the world who do not get to experience the same freedoms of America. Marjane Satrapi employs her own point of view, imagery, and conflict in this story to portray her life in a brutally honest view of what Iran was like during a turbulent time. The bookRead MorePersepolis : Persepolis On Muslim Traditions2326 Words   |  10 Pagesthat whatever the religion a person may practice, it will affect their daily lives in some way or another. A person’s religion makes up a huge part of their culture and influences many of their decisions. Persepolis is a film that speaks volumes about how the Islam religion and oppressive government in Iran affected children and adults during the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Throughout the movie, the main character, Marjane Satrapi (also known as Marji), has a difficult time understanding why thingsRead MorePersepolis Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesup in helps shape their views of the world and how he or she perceives different issues. The United State of America are known as the melting pot. We have many cultures and races all living within the same cities working together peacefully for the most part. To outsiders America is the place to come to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†, and it is the place where fresh starts, entrepreneurship, and individualism are highly encouraged. There are freedoms in American that many other people across the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi s The White Tiger And The Complete Persepolis 1935 Words   |  8 PagesPersepolis to invoke the readers’ empathy and desire for social justice. Through the characters’ perspectives, both authors break down cultural stereotypes and reveal how consequences from political and social upheavals affect the people close to the conflicts. Adiga uses Balram to demonstrate the effects of the caste system and how he must be unique to find a way to be released from the â€Å"Rooster Coop† and undermine his status in society (Adiga160). He sees himself as ambitious and is not willingRead MoreSummary Of Short Answer Questions1957 Words   |  8 PagesMichael Brown and against police brutality. If these people had given up and gone home once the police became mil itarized, then their cause would have fallen. The same goes for the overthrow of the King. 4. Marji had many emerging conversations with God-how did these conversations (and their evolution) demonstrate her changing religious views? Originally, Marji talked to God every night, as she believed herself to be a prophet, his â€Å"last and [his] best choice.† (8) However, as Marji aged, she became moreRead MorePostcolonial Literature (Persepolis Things Fall Apart)1504 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered politically inferior through western perspective and both texts, even though reinforce colonialists’ oppressive ideology, don’t stand completely against the colonialists and fault their own culture. They present the themes of dislocation on how western influences changes, religious, social and economical aspects in the Igbo and the Iranian society. ‘Things fall Apart’ presents an African response to British imperialism in contrary to Joseph Conrad’s ‘Heart of Darkness’, which presents AfricanRead MorePersepolis And The Iranian Revolution1917 Words   |  8 Pagescapital punishment for protest, mandatory dress codes for both men and women, and a reformed education system based on the Shia Muslim religion where students are separated based on their gender. This reformation makes it more difficult for Marjane being a young girl in Iran in 1980 because she is not allowed to express her feelings for something she doesn t understand or respect because much of her freedom is taken from her. This leads to her frustration and rebellious attitude toward her eldersRead MoreFeminism : A Patriarchal Society2654 Words   |  11 Pagessocieties today to create balance in the work force and many industries today. Feminism can have many meanings, but I believe it means that women are seeking political, econo mical, and social equality amongst their male counterparts. Feminism embraces freedom and liberation, which can ultimately lead to breaking down the barriers of gender inequality, race, social class, ethnicity, religion, and culture. The concept of the feminist movement was adapted close to the 1800’s, but there is not an official

Emotions Free Essays

Collectivist countries Japan, china retreat emotions innate to relationship between the groups , Individualistic countries think emotions are not directed to them. Common emotions : anger, fear,sadness,happiness, disgust, surprise. Happiness Is confused with surprise. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Love is difficult to convey In facial expression. Positive emotions (Joy and gratitude) and negative emotions (anger guilt) . Neutral state is non emotional. So if we group and -eve emotions they become your moods. Surprise can not be put in model cozy its not clear. High effect in mood structure will relate to excitement. As same high -eve effect can be related to nervousness, tense. And some hybrid emotions, contentment mixture of high +eve and low negative (serene, relaxed). So these effects color our perceptions which becomes reality and behavior. Air hostess example, Negative emotions negative mood . Negative experiences are fast to recollect. Positivist offset If zero input mostly people feel positive mood. China has less of positive and negative emotions . Pride Is good In US but no In china. Emotions help you to make rational decisions, brain Injury people making Irrational decisions. Thinking + feeling rational decisions. Sources of emotions and moods 1. Personality : ms thong and Hartmann Sings shows different affect intensity 2. Time and day : +eve at end of week, negative at Sundays, in intra day positive mood peaks during the middle part . 3. Weather: illusory correlation : when people think two things are related whenever are not so moods are not affected by weather 4. Stress: stressful days affect moods negatively 5. Sleep: poor/reduced sleep cloud your decision and make difficult to control our emotions 6. Exercise: +eve effect 7. Social actively: 8. Age: emotional experience gets better as we age, more +eve episode and less -eve 9. Sex: women’s reactions are personality based and men reactions are environment Why we see more +eve mood then negative moods 1. _eve emotion more when they are alone 2. Reluctant to divulge -eve feeling in social situation Emotional labor: people who have to express organizational desired emotions . Air hostess Emotional dissonance : projecting something else then feelings Surface acting vs.. Deep acting (true feeling) ATE (affective events theory) : work place events causes emotional reactions +eve and – e will influence workplace attitudes and behaviors. So people who score low on emotional stability react strongly to negative events. So all these effects the COB, behaviors and workplace deviance. 1 . Emotions provide valuable insight into how workplace hassles influence employee performance 2. Employee and managers should onto ignore the emotions when they re minor as they accumulate. El is person’s ability to perceive emotions in self and others,2, understand meaning of emotions, regulate emotions . Effective presidents US then failed presidents the major difference was El. Arguments in favor of El 1. Intuitive appeal: Almost everyone agrees is good to possess social intelligence. Intuition is to detect emotions in others , control their emotions and handle social interactions. Are good in business world. 2. El predicts subject matter that high level of El means person will perform well on the Job 3. El is biologically based , people without preferential cortex have same IQ but lower CEQ Arguments against El 1. El researchers do not agree on definition : some use tests soon use self reports 2. El can’t be measured: measures of El are vast 3. El is personality but with different label: El closely related to intelligence and personality it has nothing unique to offer. Emotional Regulation: individuals with higher personality trait of neurotics have more trouble to regulate the emotions . And people with low self esteem are less likely to to improve sad mood. Ignoring negative experience can lead to better regulation. Application of understanding emotions and moods 1. Selection : factor in hiring employees, especially in social interactions. Better El better performance 2. Decision Making: +eve emotions leading to rational decisions . Creativity:+I’ve mood leads to creativity more open in thinking 4. Motivation : +eve mood leads to +eve feedback which reinforces the +eve mood. Two groups puzzle example. Good to co worker and higher sale for selling firm 5. Leadership : leader if excited enthusiastic will covey optimism enjoyment . Help in promoting the vision to employees 6. Negotiation : so best negotiator should not feel bad about the negative emotion and develop negative perception for counter partially as that’s will impair future negotiation . SO Emotions can impair negotiator performance. So arson phonies gage will be best negotiation as he will not be taken back by negative outcomes. 7. Customer service: emotional dissonance can lead to decline of Job dissatisfaction. Emotional contagion so +eve feeling of employee will be responded back +vela by customer and lead to longer shopping. -eve feeling is also contagious 8. Job attitude: bad day at work means unpleasant evening with your spouse . People envy, anger leading to deviant behavior 10. Safety and Injury at work. : -eve mood can make you anxious, distracted and careless leading to injury. Managers use humor and token of appreciation to mitigate +eve mood How to cite Emotions, Papers Emotions Free Essays Different people define emotions in different ways. Some make a distinction between emotions and feelings saying that a feeling is the response part of the emotion and that an emotion includes the situation or experience, the interpretation, the perception, and the response or feeling related to the experience of a particular situation. For the purposes of this article, I use the terms interchangeably. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions or any similar topic only for you Order Now John D. (Jack) Mayer says, â€Å"Emotions operate on many levels. They have a physical aspect as well as a psychological aspect. Emotions bridge thought, feeling, and action – they operate in every part of a person, they affect many aspects of a person, and the person affects many aspects of the emotions.† Dr. Maurice Elias says, â€Å"Emotions are human beings’ warning systems as to what is really going on around them. Emotions are our most reliable indicators of how things are going on in our lives. Emotions help keep us on the right track by making sure that we are led by more than the mental/ intellectual faculties of thought, perception, reason, memory.†  · Why Bother With Emotions: Emotions control your thinking, behavior and actions. Emotions affect your physical bodies as much as your body affects your feelings and thinking. People who ignore, dismiss, repress or just ventilate their emotions, are setting themselves up for physical illness. Emotions that are not felt and released but buried within the body or in the aura can cause serious illness, including cancer, arthritis, and many types of chronic illnesses. Negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, negativity, frustration and depression cause chemical reactions in your body that are very different from the chemicals released when you feel positive emotions such as happy, content, loved, accepted.  · Belief Systems Underlying much of our behavior is what is called a belief system. This system within us filters what we see and hear, affecting how we behave in our daily lives. There are many other elements that affect our lives,  including past lives and the core issues we come into this life for resolution, but our belief systems in this life have a major effect on what we think and do. Your belief system affects your perceptions or how you interpret what you see, hear and feel. For example, a person raised by an angry man or woman will view people in the future with beliefs that anger is bad or that it is something to fear. Another example would be someone who is quite intelligent but who has never been encouraged or honored for their intelligence, this person might believe they are stupid. Men raised in conservative societies might have the belief that women who work outside of the home are not as good as those who do not work outside of the home. It takes a lot of work to look at yourself and identify the beliefs that are affecting your life in a negative manner. However, knowing your beliefs will give you a sound basis for emotional freedom. I do believe that it’s wise to deal with the belief systems before dealing with the identification and release of emotions. First things first!  · Other People, Places, and Things Cannot Change How You Feel The only person who can change what you feel is you. A new relationship, a new house, a new car, a new job, these things can momentarily distract you from your feelings, but no other person, no material possession, no activity can remove, release, or change how you feel. How often do you hear people say things like â€Å"when I have enough money, I won’t be afraid anymore†, only to find there never seems to be enough money to stop being afraid. Or â€Å"when I’m in a secure relationship I won’t feel lonely any more†, and finding they are still lonely regardless of their relationship. We need to understand that we take our feelings with us wherever we go. A new dress, a new house, a new job, none of these things change how we feel. Our feelings remain within us until we release them.  · Emotions Are Not the Only Cause of Illness Emotions are not the only cause of illness. Little babies and young  children get ill, and not always because of their emotional issues. There are many causes of illness including emotions, but they are not the sole cause of illness. The causes of illness today are quite different from the issues causing illness 20 or 30 years ago. We are living in a world filled with chemical, metal, and atomic poisons, radiation, pollution, and pesticides in our food. We are bombarded with all types of electricity. These energies affect the physical, mental/ intellectual, energetic and emotional health of people. As we travel more, moving with ease from country to country, different types of infection causing elements are spreading around the world more easily. Infections of parasites, worms, viruses, and different types of infectious bacteria are many times greater than 20 years ago. Our water supplies are filled with chemicals and metals. The benefits of antibiotics have also brought with them the difficulty of the candida fungus overgrowth and other physical and emotional difficulties. The causes of illness today are different.  · Two Basic Emotions In Life – Love and Fear There are only two basic emotions that we all experience, love and fear. All other emotions are variations of these two emotions. Thoughts and behavior come from either a place of love, or a place of fear. Anxiety, anger, control, sadness, depression, inadequacy, confusion, hurt, lonely, guilt, shame, these are all fear-based emotions. Emotions such as joy, happiness, caring, trust, compassion, truth, contentment, satisfaction, these are love-based emotions. There are varying degrees of intensity of both types of emotions, some being mild, others moderate, and others strong in intensity. For example, anger in a mild form can be felt as disgust or dismay, at a moderate level can be felt as offended or exasperated, and at an intense level can be felt as rage or hate. And the emotion that always underpins anger is fear.  · Physical Effects of Emotions Emotions have a direct effect on how our bodies work. Fear-based emotions stimulate the release of one set of chemicals while love-based emotions release a different set of chemicals. If the fear-based emotions are long-term or chronic they damage the chemical systems, the immune system, the endocrine system and every other system in your body. Our immune systems weaken and many serious illnesses set in. This relationship between emotions, thinking, and the body is being called Mind/Body Medicine today.  · You Cannot Control Your Emotions You cannot change or control your emotions. You can learn how to be with them, living peacefully with them, transmuting them (which means releasing them), and you can manage them, but you cannot control them. Think of the people who go along day after day seeming to function normally, and all of a sudden they will explode in anger at something that seems relatively trivial and harmless. That is one sign of someone who is trying to control or repress their emotions but their repressed emotions are leaking out. The more anyone tries to control their emotions the more they resist control, and the more frightened people eventually become at what is seen to be a â€Å"loss of emotional control†. It is a vicious circle. It’s important today to be politically correct. And that means not challenging or disagreeing with what the average person believes. It means not expressing negative emotions in public. Showing emotion in public in North American and European societies represents being â€Å"out of control† a great sign of weakness. People feel uncomfortable with those who express strong emotions. We are a society that is taught to hide our emotions, to be ashamed of them or to be afraid of them. Regardless, we are born with them and must live with them. This means learning how to know them, be with them, and release them.  · The Difference Between Core Issues and Emotions We each come into this lifetime with at least one core issue to resolve.  Different situations will continue to present themselves in different but repeat patterns until you have dealt with the core issues in your life. A few examples of core issue are abandonment / victimization, demanding justice in all matters, living spiritually rather than materially. These are overarching issues that affect emotions completely. Many people find out about their core issues by learning to deal with their emotions. It is a gentle pathway that leads you into a deeper knowing of your core issues. How to cite Emotions, Papers

Family Health Essay Example For Students

Family Health Essay A healthy family – a healthy nation. It is difficult to overestimate the value of human health, as it is by far the most important aspect of life and reason for happiness for almost everyone. The value of health promotion should be seen not only on the level of a single individual but rather on a social scale  and language. Taking into consideration the fact that the most important element of society is the family, the preservation and health promotion is the primary task for its every member. Thus, the issue of improving the health care system should come as a priority for each state. One must not forget that health promotion includes emotional, social, physical, language, and mental well-being. Each of these components should function properly and be well-looked after. Ways of health preservation within the family Nowadays, people encounter diverse health problems and barriers mainly due to poor nutrition, lack of exercise, bad habits, inappropriate language and unreasonable lifestyle choices. There are differing points of view, as far as learning styles for health care. However, one of the most effective measures that help humanity avoid health issues is eluding stress. One`s emotional state is affected by diverse factors of the outside world. External ones include diverse types of environments we are exposed to, such as work, school, university, relationships with other people, and all the challenges a person encounters on a daily basis. Internal factors comprise one`s general health condition, learning styles, emotional well-being, and the amount of sleep. Mental health is of equal importance with the physical one. To preserve it, one should avoid emotional overload and stressful situations. Look on the brighter side of the life. A key to physical health preservation is the right lifestyle and learning styles. It is only us who can make our lives full by taking care of it; it is also us, however, who can ruin it by smoking, alcohol and other bad habits. One of the major components of everyday health care is fresh air. Many people work in the enclosed space and have the huge barriers. Apart from it, we usually commute by car, being practically deprived of fresh air. When possible, take a walk or try to work outdoors. Do it as often as you can. Another undoubtedly important step to health preservation is water. Specialists advise to drink from 6 to 8 glasses per day, in order for one to feel better. In addition, of course, we cannot but mention nutrition as a necessary process in maintaining human life, for good food is the basis of a person`s health. The food we eat is the source of energy that the body later spends on other activities. Consuming more vitamins and minerals will help you stay healthy and good-looking. That is the main rules of the learning styles that lead to the healthy life. Apart from food, one more element that contributes to one`s physical state is a healthy sleep. According to diverse studies, the optimal sleep duration is 7-8 hours. Getting enough sleep is the basis for good health. Another essential part of human physical well-being is a sport. Choose the kind of sport that you like the most and try to do it several times a week, or, if it is not an option, get engaged with morning exercises. According to the researchers, as much as 15-20 minutes of exercise per day can make you healthier and increase your life expectancy. From the differing points of view, one more integral aspect of a healthy lifestyle is the high moral and ethical values of a person. Greater emphasis should be placed upon the formation of an individual`s consciousness. After all, if every person takes to a healthy lifestyle, the whole society will be healthier. .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .postImageUrl , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:hover , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:visited , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:active { border:0!important; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:active , .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u698afbfa24414fa861cac25f72203c8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Honest Abe (Abe Lincoln) EssayTherefore, one must begin to adhere to these health care principles, however simple they might seem. The role of health care workers. Whether it is to the better or to the worse, our health depends not only on ourselves, the way of life we stick to, our cultural beliefs and worldviews, but also on the health care workers in whose hands we are. The health care authorities of each country should work towards improving its citizens` well-being by providing them with high-quality medical services. Qualified health care workers. Doctors and nurses who work with patients must have appropriate patient education. Moreover, they must continuously improve their skills in the field, attending training sessions and seminars, doing internships in other countries, sharing experiences, because it is their hands where we put the most important things – our life and health. Therefore, errors in this occupation are not allowed, for even the smallest one can become fatal. Interactions with the patient. In the modern world, health care workers should be able to find the right approach to all people according to their age, gender, and cultural beliefs and destroy their barriers. After the patient is diagnosed with a disease, his doctor and nurse are supposed to take care of him. To overcome differing points of view, there is a unique bond, a special relationship built between the patient education and the health care workers, the patient and the nurse, which come together into a chain the doctor the nurse the patient. Everyday health care workers and activities are connected with diverse psychological and emotional factors. On the basis of it lies the ability to understand the patient. Everything aforementioned contributes to the development of a special method of patients` treatment that combines the behavior of health care workers, nurses together with possible reactions to it and their manifestations, altogether constituting a distinctive psychological technology. In the course of the illnesses progression, at its separate stages, the knowledge of the communication psychology contributes to solving problems and difficulties connected with the development of the disease, directing the patient and nurses towards the recovery. Appropriate psychological training helps to get to know the patient. Everyone engaged in communication with the ill needs the ability to recognize and register certain phenomena, or even guess of the individual`s state from what he or she failed to mention. The ability to distinguish the factors that affect the nurses’ and patient’s physical well-being significantly facilitates the process. General regularities of the emergence and development of professional relations with their reflection in one`s cultural beliefs help to understand the essence of medical ethics, morality, and patient education. The patient who turns to a doctor for help becomes the object of certain professional influence. We should remember that, from a differing points of view, the doctor and nurses have to deal with the object of the highest complexity a human being. The diversity of factors that determine the beginning, course, and ending of any illness exposes a doctor and nurses to an extremely difficult episodic (cognitive) task, which he must solve as quickly as possible. Not only are people rather complex phenomena, but they are also the most valuable objects of influence, for every person is a unique personality. Therefore, the diversity of relationship between the doctor, the patient, and the nurses is primarily a personal, subjective, hence, social one. The social function of medicine has a certain impact on subjective relationships and is manifested in the moral consciousness as a norm, which requires subjugating the interests of a doctor to those of society through his attitude to a patient and nurses. Health literacy Very few people outside the health care field have a sufficient level of skills and knowledge to understand medical information. Studies and patient education have shown that about 12% of the United States adult population has minimal health literacy and cultural beliefs, and even the basic task of determining the dose of a non-prescribed drug for a child or understanding the text of the drug insert left them absolutely clueless. .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .postImageUrl , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:hover , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:visited , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:active { border:0!important; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:active , .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14 .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c88f2e1f8d0951f6ca0981d6c851b14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankensteins: Dont Mess with Mother Natu EssayTherefore, the authorities should provide necessary patient health literacy. There are diverse health promotion strategies to enlighten the citizens in the field of health care, from sharing the publications on interesting and useful medical topics to conducting online seminars in order to improve health literacy. In general, everyone should have some basic knowledge of health promotion, dangerous illnesses and ways to overcome them, and some major drugs for the first medical aid. In addition, people have to know how to provide first medical aid itself and be educated at the health literacy. Health care for everybody. It is important not to forget about the diversity of strata and cultural beliefs of the population, since not every one of us has the opportunity to visit a doctor, to conduct disease-preventing activities, or to buy the necessary medicines. That is paramount to ensure that medical institutions provide a basic complex of medical services and health literacy to anyone in need, regardless of their financial situation, and without demanding unreasonably big payments for it. It is also necessary to create programs able to improve the quality and efficiency of health care, to increase the general physical state of all segments of the population, to strengthen the demographic situation, to create appropriate conditions for establishing healthy lifestyle among the citizens and to handle strong patient education.

Strategies of Banks Entering Foreign Markets

Foreign Direct Investment One of the ways banks enter new market is cross border lending. In this method, the foreign bank looks for a correspondent bank just for the sake of internationalizing operations. Often, it is the trade finance arrangements that take shape first and this means there must be a trader in the target market. This method of entry into a foreign market can be classified as foreign direct investment (FDI).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies of Banks Entering Foreign Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In doing this, the bank that establishes a representative office limits itself to fewer services like consultancy and so the risk is lower and do not necessarily require a banking license, since regulators tend to treat banks as banks when they are collecting deposits and doing money transmission. The bank also takes advantage to set up business for the mother bank abroad. If the bank opens a branch, this is not considered as an independent legal entity. When deciding whether to enter the foreign market, banks have to consider three types of costs: fixed costs of entry brought about by legal requirements, fixed costs of exit and operating cost. While considering this, the bank must therefore be strategic in timing when to enter the non-traditional market so as to generate enough revenue to justify its existence. Greenfield investment Another way that banks can enter new market is green field investment where it sets up an institution from scratch. The new institution may just start as a branch or representative office and this may only involve the transfer of the human capital in the beginning. In this way, the bank is able to take advantage of its good reputation especially when it enters a less developed country where depositors are looking for safe keeping of their money. The bank that enters the market this way has the advantage of establishing branches anyw here even those regions not previously covered by local bank branches. Acquisition and mergers Banks may also enter a new market abroad through acquisition of a local institution. This can be total acquisition or acquisition of a minority stake. If a bank enters a market this way, it has the advantage of easy access of the local knowledge and customers. It is also a good entry method especially where rapid growth is desired. Mergers and acquisitions allow instant access to deposits which means that the bank can now sign up for local currency. While the foreign bank is good at providing products requiring a global platform, the local bank will in turn provide products that require local abilities and knowledge. For this reason, the local bank tries to focus on retail banking and small and micro-enterprises while the foreign bank focuses on corporate banking while offering trade finance, project finance, financial advisory services and cash management services.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparing the three strategies; the most limited but least expensive is the representative office, while acquisition or merger is just expensive in terms of the initial expenditure and not on government requirements. Starting an independent full fledged banking institution requires much legal requirements in most countries and could be charged a lot more by the regulators. This essay on Strategies of Banks Entering Foreign Markets was written and submitted by user Kendal Lawrence to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sociological Aspects of the Article

Sociological Aspects of the Article The article written by Jennifer Saba describes the marketing strategies of the New York Times. It is stated that in the near future this organization will charge for full online access to the articles (Saba, unpaged). This article can be related to several sociological aspects: in particular, we need to speak about the so-called digital divide and cultural diffusion of information (Murray, Linden, Kendall, p 377, 72).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Aspects of the Article specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper aims to show how these concepts can throw a new light on the topic of the article. Additionally, it is necessary to explain the benefits of applying sociological concepts to these topics; namely, we need to show how the concepts of digital divide and cultural diffusion can explain the new tendencies in the evolution of mass media and Internet. For a very long time, Internet has been viewed as a tool that can provide equal opportunities to people, irrespective of their income level, nationality, race, gender, and so forth. Furthermore, Internet is often referred to as the technology which is able to more connected and most importantly less hostile to one another. Nonetheless, the evidence presented in this article indicates that social inequality permeates Internet as well. At this point, we should discuss such concept as digital divide. On the whole, this notion can be interpreted as inability of a certain group of people to have access to information (Murray, Linden, Kendall, p 377). It can be also defined as the gap in access online information (Compaine, 25). This difference can be observed both between and within countries. It is also possible to say that digital divide is directly proportionate to the degree of economic and social inequality in the country or in a certain geographic region. Therefore, successful implementation of the New York Times marketing strate gy can impact a great number of people in Canada, the United States, and all over the world. The commercialization of Internet will significantly widen knowledge divide and diminish the opportunities of many people. As a rule, this concept is usually used when we are speaking about technologies but in this case it is more applicable to information, itself. The decision, taken by the management of the New York Times, can lead to significant implications for online. Provided that this strategy will prove successful, many other newspapers will also require payment for the access to their websites, and in the near future it will be even more difficult for low-income population to find valuable information on the Web. Certainly, the New York Time has only launched the new marketing campaign and it may be soon abolished. One should take into consideration that in the future the New York Times already tried to implement such business model but it did not succeed (Saba, unpaged). Still, thi s attempt suggests that high quality information may eventually become less and less available to low-income people.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, by applying the concept of digital divide, one can better understand the development of the World Wide Web and mass media, in general. Certainly, this is just a hypothesis which still has to be substantiated; yet, it does not seem highly improbable especially in the light of the decision taken by the New York Times. In the previous section we have mentioned the so-called cultural diffusion. It can be understood as the transmission of social practices, ideas, and cultural items from society to another (Murray, Linden, Kendall, p 72). The Internet has made the world more connected and open to cultural differences. To some extent, the websites of such newspapers as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, or E dmonton Journal can be regarded as the agents of cultural diffusion. For many people, especially those, who live in developing countries, these websites are the windows into a different culture. Apart from that, some people living in advanced countries may be unwilling to pay for monthly subscription. If different newspapers follow the example of the New York Time, the process of cultural diffusion will become significantly slower. These are the changes that people may expect. Of course, it is not likely that every newspaper will emulate this strategy but this possibility should not be overlooked. Overall, the application of these sociological concepts is a very fruitful exercise that can give deep insights into the future trends in the development of Internet. Such approach is more beneficial than the so-called â€Å"taken for granted understanding† since it enables the scholars to take a wider look at a certain problem. The application of sociological concepts is beneficial to that extent that it allows us a separate decision can impact the community. The article, written by Jennifer Saba, focuses only on the decisions of only one newspaper, the New York Times. However, it may have profound effects on the overall accessibility of online information and cultural diffusion. At the moment, we may be witnessing the process of commercialization of Internet and the new business model of the New York Times exemplifies this process. Compaine. Benjamin. The digital divide: facing a crisis or creating a myth? Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Aspects of the Article specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Murray Jane. Linden Rick Kendall Diana. Sociology in our time (Fifth Canadian  Edition). Toronto: Nelson Education. Print. Saba Jennifer. â€Å"New York Times rolls out pay model in Canada†. Toronto Sun, 2011, March 20. Available at: https://tor ontosun.com/

Spartans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spartans - Essay Example In his career he has published over 65 articles, with 12 forthcoming articles and chapters such as 'Sparta' in The Classical Tradition (Harvard University Press). In 2004, Professor Cartledge was appointed an Honorary Citizen of Sparta. The Spartans is a convincing narrative that explores the culture and civilization of the most famous "warrior people": the Spartans of ancient Greece, by the world's leading specialist in the field. Sparta has often been described as the original Utopia--a remarkably evolved society whose warrior heroes were forbidden any other trade, profession, or business. As a people, the Spartans were the living exemplars of such core values as duty, discipline, the nobility of arms in a cause worth dying for, sacrificing the individual for the greater good of the community (illustrated by their role in the battle of Thermopylae), and the triumph of will over seemingly insuperable obstacles--qualities that today are frequently believed to signify the ultimate heroism. Paul Cartledge is the distinguished scholar and historian who have long been seen as the leading international authority on ancient Sparta. He traces the evolution of Spartan society--the culture and the people, as well as the tre mendous influence they had on their world and even ours. He details throughout the narrative the lives of such illustrious and myth-making figures as Lycurgus, King Leonidas, Helen of Troy (and Sparta), and Lysander, and explains how the Spartans, although they placed a high value on masculine ideals, nevertheless allowed women an unusually dominant and powerful role--unlike Athenian culture with which the Spartans are so often compared. In resurrecting the ancient culture and society of the Spartans, Cartledge delves deep into ancient texts and archeological sources and complements his text with illustrations that depict original Spartan artifacts and drawings, as well as examples of representational paintings from the Renaissance onwards. The Spartans built a warrior culture in ancient Greece unsurpassed for its courage and military prowess. Eminent historian Cartledge (Spartan Reflections) provides a remarkable chronicle of Sparta's rise and fall, from its likely origins around 1100 B.C. to the height of its fame and glory in the battle of Thermopylae in 480 B.C. and its fall in the fourth century B.C. The Spartans built their society through conquest and subjugation, ruling over their subject peoples with an iron hand and putting down revolts with devastating might. Between 490 and 479, Sparta joined Athens in fighting the Persians in three key wars-Thermopylae, Plataea and Mycale-that contributed to the demise of Persian power and the rise of Hellenistic power on the Mediterranean. Cartledge punctuates his absorbing tale with brief, engaging biographies of the city-state's kings from Lycurgus, the earliest Spartan leader, who brought constitutional law to the city, to Leonidas, who led the Spartans at Thermopylae. According to

Is it morally defensible for doctors to offer treatments that will Essay

Is it morally defensible for doctors to offer treatments that will enhance human capabilities (mental or physical) Discuss - Essay Example Abnormal genes will be replaced with normal and well functioning genes through homologous combination while selective reverse mutation will ensure that abnormal genes will return to the normal function (Sandel, 2007). Spindle transfer approach will ensure that the entire mitochondrion that is defective is replaced with normal mitochondria. Basically, there are two types of gene therapy that are Somatic gene therapy and Genetic gene therapy. Somatic gene therapy entails the transfer of genes in the somatic cells of the patient except the undifferentiated stem cells (Burley and Harris, 2002). On the other hand, Genetic gene therapy entails modification of the cells including the sperm cells of the patient and these genes become inheritable by the offspring of the patients thus preventing the passage of the disease to the offspring (Becker, 2000). Gene therapy has attracted intense ethical debate and controversy with the opponents asserting that it is not natural while the proponents as sert that it improves the living standards of the patient and offspring (Wartburg and Liew, 1999). According to Aristotle’ ethical theory, all the scientific technique must aim at certain good and there is absolutely one final end of all sciences. The absolute end of sciences should be happiness which all sub-ends aim at attaining (Wartburg and Liew, 1999). In this case, Aristotle ethical theory is clear that happiness entails thriving life and living well. Accordingly, happiness of patients encompasses the external goods that include wholesome children and personal beauty (Burley and Harris, 2002). According to Aristotle, gene-therapy is necessary since it leads to high standards of health care thus leading to happy patients and wholesome children (Vaughn, 2009). Accordingly, the death of a patient will cause unhappiness to the friends and close family

Gender Normativity in Aurora Floyd; How Variances in Gender Behavior Essay

Gender Normativity in Aurora Floyd; How Variances in Gender Behavior Illustrate Societal Norms - Essay Example It is more likely, however, that Aurora's childhood was the primary influencer of her unfeminine behavior. At the loss of her mother, Aurora was allowed to do anything she pleased, as long as she was happy. Indeed She said what she pleased; thought, spoke, acted as she pleased; learned what she pleased; and she grew into a bright, impetuous being, affectionate and generous-hearted as her mother, but with some touch of native fire blended in her mould that stamped her as original. (Bradden 9) Without the careful training that young girls of the era received, Aurora was unable to succumb to traditional femininity. She read novels with inappropriate content, new of horse racing and betting, spent long days on horseback, and was quick to say what she thought. She was a strong, independent young lady, the exact opposite of what was desired in a woman! exactly the sort of woman to make a good wife. She had been educated to that end by a careful mother. Purity and goodness had watched over her and hemmed her in from the cradle. She had never seen unseemly sights, or heard unseemly sounds. She was as ignorant as a baby of all the vices and horrors of this big world. She was ladylike, accomplished, well-informed. (Bradden 21) Lucy was quiet and calm and good, willing to suffer for her husband and willing to do as she was told. As a model of femininity, she is perfect. There could be no recourse against her. However, it is her very perfection in femininity that makes her less noticeable by the men in the story. While Captain Bulstrode believes she would make an ideal wife, he also ponders the idea that "There are so many Lucys, but so few Auroras; and while you never could be critical with the one, you were merciless in your scrutiny of the other" (Bradden 21). Because she is perfect, it is impossible to fall in love with her, because of an internal fear that the man's own imperfections will be clearer next to her. While she is what should be desired in a wife, it is the wild Aurora that catches men's attentions; with her boldness and imperfection. These two young women represent two very different personalities. Aurora, who has everything, but still maintains the wildness and lower class lifestyle that her mother had, and Lucy, who has modest wealth, but has been raised to be the perfect specimen of femininity. Even their coloring matches the ideals. Aurora is dark haired and dark eyed, and was "a good hater" (Braddon 12). Lucy was fair haired and blue eyed, the Victorian ideal of beauty. Aurora, throughout the novel, acts and does precisely what she wants. However, even she is not able to make all her own choices. By force, she is sent to finishing school in Paris, and then has to endure a woman meant to help polish her when she returns. Lucy, who has the feminine graces, did not have to endure these actions, but instead has to endure the pain of being overlooked by the man she loves, as she can be nothing but

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation Application of community based participatory research (CBPR) approaches when working on collaborative projects Course name: Social and behavioral sciences INTRODUCTION TO CBPR: CBPR (community-based participatory research) is basically a collective approach to examine that equitably includes all members in the examination process and identifies the un-common powers that each one brings. Community-based participatory research starts with an examination topic of significance to the group, has the objective of uniting knowledge with activity and attaining social change to better the health results and remove health inequalities. Community-based participatory research is a registered collective approach that authorizes community inhabitants to more energetically take part in the full range of research (starting from conception, plan, conduct, examination, interpretation, termination, communication of results) with an aim of affecting rearrangement in programs or policies, community health and systems. Community fellows and researchers partner to unite comprehension and activity for social rearrangement to better community health and more often reduce health inequalities. Research/Academic and community members join to produce models and resembles to building capacity, trust and communication, with the final aim of raising community involvement in the research procedure. It is a location to examine which equally includes all members in the research procedure and identifies the unique powers that everyone brings. Upgrading the public health more often necessitates moving far off the standard health care system to intervene integrated and original and new approaches. CBPR has appeared as a substitute research archetype which combines education and social activity to better health and intensify our scientific structure of knowledge in the regions of disease prevention, health promotion and health disparities. It is termed as a successful method for transporting evidence-based studies from clinical programs to communities that can mostly welfare thereby upgrading health. CBPRs community-scheduled research procedures offer the prospective to produce better-enlightened hypotheses, enhance more successful interventions, and develop the transcription of the examination results into the practice. So, CBPR is an important tool for activity-oriented and community-operated public health examination. (NIH) ADVANTAGES OF CBPR: The advantages of community-based participatory research are discussed below:- Giving benefits to the researchers and the community alike through the actions taken and knowledge acquired Developing the use and acceptability of data Raising the validity and quality of examination and research studies Making partners with various expertise to locate and communicate complicated public health problems Remove the cultural gaps and create trust between partners The prospective to transcript examination results to direct the enhancement of future interventions and change in policies Upgrading the implementation and intervention schedules by providing participant retention and enrolment (National institutes of health) IMPLEMENTATION OF CBPR: Quality of research: Writers of meditational studies (either CBPR or traditional) rottenly must put out their result and study attitude in disconnected articles. The character of CBPR further produces this disintegration when years of corporation expansion and teamwork must be distilled to little words in a minute number of journals eager to bring out this more expressive science. This may be why in sequence regarding the performance of CBPR, both in terms of neighbourhood participation and the examination, often was not present in the EPC-reviewed articles. A imperfect number of studies expressive a absolute and fully evaluated involvement—an observational revision or an epidemiologic learning that can be comprehensive beyond the members involved—have been available to date. Restraining factors emerge to be the resounding nature of most Federal supply, funding period extent and flexibility, and the page margins of journals. There was small confirmation to designate that high-class scores in neighbourhood collaboration are connected with low-quality explore scores. Recent singular journal problems focusing on CBPR have led a digit of publications to execute high-quality examine methods. CBPR support initiatives originating with Federal companies have the latent to do the equal. (Agency for health, research and quality) Intensity of Community Involvement: Community participation varied in dissimilar stages of the study. There was sturdy participation in recruiting revise participants, calculating and implementing the intrusion, and interpreting conclusion. Many writers argued that society involvement (particularly in these regions) leads to: Higher participation toll. Bigger external strength. Reduced loss of proceedings. Enlarged personage and community competence. The issues of community participation were not commonly reported, but they may take in: The prologue of selection unfairness (bias in recruitment). Reduced (and sometimes a nonexistence of) randomization. The possible selection of greatly motivated intrusion groups not delegate of the wider population. (AHRQ) CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO CBPR: Community-based participatory research, as a comparatively new tactic, presents with sole problems and challenges for those who are involved in performing this type of examination. These issues relate to implementation within a cross-educational setting, quality and fairness of mutual partnerships, principles, and mechanical issues. Harrisonrecommended the subsequent procedures for fieldworkers who employ in combined research: Be bendable but be familiar with that everyone has restrictions Be enthusiastic to work together by sharing right, responsibility, and glory for success. Give considerate attention to the honest implications of your performance. Apply the notion of culture in each day working associations. Intrinsic in each of these guiding principles are challenges that need to be located. In our CBPR project, we faced technical, ethical, and interpersonal problems that were related to this course of action, as well as some supplementary challenges. Some major issues are listed below: Self-awareness and flexibility Collaboration Ethical issues Working within a civilization other than ones own A pledge of time Change can be frightening Supportability of the project (Holkup, 2004) END RESULTS OF CBPR: Research Quality Improved Results: The inspectors rated the 12 researches with finished involvements for research class and for observance to the ideology of community contribution. On a scale of 1 to 3, advanced scores reflected enhanced quality. The investigation quality scores reflected learning design stubbornness, with investigational studies ranking highest overall. Community contribution scores, though, appeared not as much of closely allied with study intend. And even as the scores on these two presentations extent are not directly equivalent, the average explore quality results ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 with a mean of 2.4, at the same time as the district participation quality results ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 with a mean of 2.3. When the EPC researchers saw the manipulation of community participation on the quality of interventional researches, they exposed 11 of the 12 concluded intervention studies had reported improved intervention superiority. Just two researchers reported improved end results, while eight famous enhanced enrolment efforts, four resulted enhanced research methods and diffusion, and three mentioned improved expressive measures. Very little proof of removed research quality consequential from CBPR was resulted. Capacity of Community and Research: Of the 60 studies revised, 47 resulted in enhanced community connection, together with added grant support and job formation, as a conclusion connected with the study. The writers—naturally academics—normally persisted on the amplified capability of the contributor neighbourhood, quite than that of the follow a line of investigation community. Health End Results: Along with the 12 studies examining finished involvements that play a part in health outcomes, 2 dealt with physiologic health end results, three with cancer screening actions, and four located other behavioural alterations (including alcohol utilization, immunization charge, and protected sex behaviour). At last, 3 studies calculated the impact of the involvement on touching support, empowerment, and member of staff well-being. Agreed the highly mottled health results, measurement procedures, and involvement approaches used, the EPC researchers are powerless to act upon a direct evaluation of studies and their comparative contact on health outcomes. Besides, a nonexistence of cost-effectiveness facts precluded any judgment of results from CBPR studies and those of more conventional research studies. (Health and Human services) CRITERIA OF FUNDING FOR CBPR: Current Approach by Funders: Centres for Disease organization/avoidance and the National organization of Environmental Health Sciences have been at the front position of Federal CBPR financial support to date. Detailed initiatives by these companies contain many of the EPC-reviewed studies. Importance in supporting CBPR at the Federal point is rising, given the current construction of an interagency operational grouping for Community-based Participatory Research. This group has begun combining information on breathing funding systems for CBPR. Consultation with persons from the NIH and CDC worked with producing requests for investigational proposals on precise topics and giving the review procedure less-scored the need for short direction materials (detail sheets) about CBPR for reviewers fewer familiar with this advance. Guiding principle for those writing RFAs intended to hearten CBPR submissions and papers given that direction for researchers presenting CBPR presentations also were suggested. Application’s Criteria: According to the particulars of conversations amid funders and researchers, the development of receiving funding for CBPR programs through conformist review programs can be a hard one. This is frequently as reviewers are less recognizable with (and maybe even sceptical about) the likelihood of integrating high-class straight research within the structure of a CBPR partnership. The EPC researchers acknowledged fairly few first-class finished involvements or observational studies, comparative to what seems to be many outstanding collaborations based on CBPR values. Guidelines for Applicants and Funding Institutions: Researchers produced three brief papers providing direction to funding institutions, applicants and reviewers, based on the EPCs reassess consultation with Federal endowment sources, reviews of financial support grouping Web sites, and the funding criterion mentioned above. The EPC designated to utilize the same re-evaluate criteria frequently used by agencies inside the U.S. subdivision of Health and Human Services in the expansion of these prototypes parameter documents; these criterion are both harmonized and meticulous. These papers (CBPR Exhibits 1, 2, and 3) are accessible on the RTI Web site. Participation in the Review procedure: Dialogue with funding presenters and their check of the narrative led EPC inspectors to counsel the insertion of intellectual experts for the satisfied area, and for CBPR procedures, on project submission reconsider panels. Furthermore, they suggested concerning persons with capability in both arenas. Researchers further recommended the possible value of counting community legislative body, but considered the need to adjust and organization the review panels to straight away and successfully tap into the knowledge of the neighbourhood government. (Department of Health and Human Services) APPLICATIONS OF CBPR IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES: The precedent two decades has experienced a fast propagation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects. CBPR tactic presents a substitute to conventional population-based biomedical studies practices by cheering vigorous and equivalent relationships between society members and educational investigators. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the foremost biomedical research provision for environmental health, is a principal in developing the use of CBPR in areas where community-university relationships provide to enhance our considerate of environmentally associated disease. In this piece of writing, the writers emphasized six key main beliefs of CBPR and explain how these ethics are met within specific NIEHS-supported research inspections. These projects express that community-based participatory research be able to be an efficient tool to improve our information of the reasons and procedures of disorders having an ecological aetiology, decrease d adverse health results through original involvement strategies and strategy change, and concentrate on the environmental health problems of community population. (Liam R OFallon, 2002) USE OF CBPR: Achievement research results improved and more almost whole and accurate information from the society. Connecting the society in study is more likely to gather community requirements. Accomplishment research, by relating community partners, establishes more visibility for the attempt in the society. Society members are more expected to believe the authenticity of the study and buy into its conclusion if they know it was done by people like themselves, conceivably even individuals they know. Achievement research trains inhabitant researchers who can circle their skills to other struggles as well. Participation inCBPR alters individual’s ideas of themselves and of what they can do. Skills educated in the itinerary of action study carry over into other regions of researchers’ life. Aparticipatory deed research procedure can help to fracture down and division hurdles. Research helps individuals to better comprehend the forces that manipulate their lives. Society based action study can move communities toward optimistic social change. (CTB) CONCLUSION: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is receiving raised acceptance among public health practitioners and researchers. But, there are no standard procedures in examining the standard of research methodology, the success of the involvement, and the resulting demands in the literature. The non-appearance of standard procedures precludes significant comparisons of CBPR researches. Many authors have presented a wide set of capabilities required for CBPR study for both organizations and individuals, but the discussion remains shattered. The Prevention Research Centres (PRC) schedule recently began a quality based testing of its national attempts, including an examination of how PRCs intervenes CBPR studies. Topics of attention include the community capacity for research, types of community partnerships, evaluation, factors that help and hinder partner relationships and training. The testing will likely donate to the enhancement of a standard set of capabilities and facilities req uired for effectual CBPR. CBPR has been assigned to as research plus in that, it not only raise the knowledge framework for public health but also guarantees to locate intercession that are available for circulation and are supportable because they have been enhanced with community involvement. An analysis of the quality and quantity of the CBPR written works exposes a picture as diverse as the projects, the communities involved and the researchers. Such utmost variation in methodology and standard does not cause a useful body of understanding. It is thus opportune and essential to describe a core set of expertise and skills required to be a CBPR investigator and describe the important resources and management of infrastructure needed to profitably support CBPR. Normalize the evaluation procedures will enhance the scientific exactness of the research methodology applied and upgrade the field’s capacity to study, comprehend, and rectify complex community health issues. The quality based examination of C BPR scheme within the PRC Program has the possibility to enhance this procedure. Once a concurred-upon set of compatibilities and resources are formed, testing of CBPR itself can start. (Faridi) REFERENCES: Agency for health, research and quality. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm AHRQ. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm CTB. (n.d.). Community Tool Box. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluation/intervention-research/main Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm Faridi, Z. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0182.htm Health and Human services. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm Holkup, P. A. (2004, July). ANS. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774214/ Liam R OFallon, A. D. (2002, April). PMC. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241159/ National institutes of health. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://obssr.od.nih.gov/scientific_areas/methodology/community_based_participatory_research/ NIH. (n.d.). National Institute of health. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://obssr.od.nih.gov/scientific_areas/methodology/community_based_participatory_research/ 1 | Page

Sundowing And Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

SUNDOWNING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Sundowning, or sundown syndrome are terms that have been used for over 20 years to describe the reversal of day and night which often occurs in Alzheimer's and other dementing illnesses. (2) Those who are impacted are often called Sundowners and they act as if their biological clocks have reversed their day and night cycles. Some are able to function on little sleep throughout their 24-hour day cycle. Some individuals stay up all night and will then continually doze off during the day. This alteration in the sleep-wake cycle is not necessarily permanent and they may revert to earlier patterns of sleep, or may sleep for increasing periods of time. (1) Those suffering from acute or chronic confusion increasingly become highly agitated, confused, suspicious, active and restless, combative and disoriented late in the day, especially after dark. (2,3) They may see, hear and believe things that are not real. Patients become more impulsive and respond to their own ideas of reality, often in ways that can that get them in trouble. The confusion is often worse after a move or change in routine and can happen in any setting, whether they are living at home or in a facility. The behavior may be totally out of character for the person. And, the change is drastic. You may see them in the morning and the person seems mentally competent and alert. The same individual may not recognize you or other family members, seem lethargic, become easily agitated, confused, or disoriented late in the afternoon or evening. (1) There is currently no conclusive evidence about the reasons for these changes in the sleep-wake cycle. (2) However, in the online articles "Sundowning and Sleeping" and "The Sundown Syndrome" there are some theories identified about the cause. 1) The decreasing levels of light may be disorienting. The lower light provides fewer clues as to the person's surroundings and shadows may be frightening. 2) The person may feel they are supposed to "go home" around this time. 3) The person may be fatigu... ...dence regarding the reasons for these changes, some theories have been identified about the cause. This syndrome can be exhausting for the caregiver. Some measures have been identified that may lessen the effects. It is important to realize with sundown syndrome, as in any behavior related to Alzheimer's Disease, that the person does not have control over their behavior and that it is a result of the brain tryng to sort out a confusing environment. REFERENCES 1. Alzheimers.com. Sundown Syndrome and the Elderly. Alzheimers.com feature story. [On-Line] Avaialble: http://www.alzheimers.com/L3TABLES/L3T-428.HTM. 2. Crystal, H. (1998). Sundowning and Sleeping. Northern Virginia Chapter of Alzheimer's Association. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.alz-nova.org/sundown.htm. 3. Davis, M. (1997). Light in the Darkess. Perspectives Magazine. [On-line]. Available: http://www.siu.edu/worda/persp/sp97/alz.html. 4. Nitram, R. (1997). The Sundown Syndrome. The Arizona Daily Star Online. Availabnle: http://www.azstarnet.com/~rnitram/sundown.html